WATERWAYS AND WATER TRANSPORT by J. STEPHEN JEANS, M.R.I., F.S.S.
This book was published in 1890. It describe about the waterways and water transportation that exist in the seventeenth century. If you are interested in Transportation by Water this is your book.
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The history of transportation is largely the history of material progress. It is difficult to imagine a prosperous society without the knowledge of the arts and sciences for commerce. The natural arrangement of land and water is not the most convenient for commerce and travel, as oceans and seas have unsuitable routes, and rivers are often rocky and shallow. Knowledge of roads, bridges, and canals has been acquired and slowly applied, but the aboriginal inhabitants of a country usually cared for none of these things.
Man eventually established a system of interchange of commodities, which led to the creation of roadways over which traffic could be rudely transported on the backs of mules, horses, or other beasts of burden. As exchange and barter extended, the pack-horse became inefficient, and districts near the sea or placed on navigable rivers with easy access to the ocean became developed at the expense of other districts with equal facilities except transport.
A hundred and thirty years ago, England was in a different position to that which it occupies today. The woollen trade was the greatest national industry, and the cotton industry was just beginning to take a firm root. The woollen trade produced five or six millions of tons per annum, while iron production was believed to be about 100,000 tons. The working of coal far from the seaboard was impossible on a large scale due to the lack of means of transportation that would allow anything being carried more than a few miles, unless it was of the highest value.
The condition of roads in the 18th century was a matter of serious complaint, with many people complaining about the poor conditions of public thoroughfares and streets. In addition, there were dangers and troubles in the absence of a proper police system, and streets were enveloped in darkness, making it difficult to travel abroad after nightfall. The Vauxhall and Ranelagh Gardens had to employ patrols to keep the way clear to London.
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